FDA guidance addresses labeling and ultraviolet-sensitivity precautions for cosmetics containing alpha hydroxy acids. It does not prescribe an individualized skin-care routine.
FDA identifies glycolic acid and lactic acid as the predominant alpha hydroxy acids used in cosmetic products and evaluates topical AHA cosmetics with attention to ultraviolet sensitivity.[1]
Key takeaways
- FDA identifies glycolic and lactic acid as the predominant AHAs in cosmetic products.[1]
- FDA says topical AHA cosmetics may increase ultraviolet sensitivity and the possibility of sunburn during use and for up to one week after stopping.[1]
- FDA’s reviewed human evidence was short term—up to 12 weeks—and individual responses varied.[1]
Read the directions, not just the acid name
FDA's guidance treats intended use and product directions as part of the labeling context. This guide does not use that guidance to prescribe a schedule for a particular product.[1]
Build sun protection into the plan
FDA recommends sunscreen, protective clothing, and limited sun exposure while using a topical AHA cosmetic and for one week afterward. That precaution belongs in the routine before the first application.[1]
What the source does not prove
FDA guidance supports labeling and sun-sensitivity precautions. [1]Separately, a 2018 peer-reviewed review found that AHA effects on UV-related skin damage vary with concentration and experimental context, so these sources do not justify treating AHA formulas or strengths as interchangeable.[2]
AHA questions
Are glycolic acid and lactic acid products interchangeable?
No. FDA identifies both as common AHAs, but the guidance does not make their formulations, concentrations, contact times, or tolerability equivalent.[1]
How long does the sun-sensitivity precaution last?
FDA says increased ultraviolet sensitivity may continue for up to one week after topical AHA use stops.[1]
Does this guide prove that AHAs improve every texture or tone concern?
No. This guide uses FDA evidence for ingredient identification, labeling, and safety limits. It deliberately does not turn that source into a universal efficacy claim.[1]
Sources
- 1.Guidance for Industry: Labeling for Cosmetics Containing Alpha Hydroxy Acids — U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed Aug 27, 2026.
- 2.Dual Effects of Alpha-Hydroxy Acids on the Skin — Molecules (MDPI). Accessed Aug 27, 2026.